Ecosystems and Biomes

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Name:

Ecosystems and Biomes

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Consumers that eat both plants and animals are called

a.	omnivores.
b.	herbivores.
c.	carnivores.
d.	scavengers.

Which of these consumers is a herbivore?

a.	lion
b.	deer
c.	spider
d.	snake

If a kestrel eats a mouse that eats grass, the kestrel is a

a.	producer.
b.	second-level consumer.
c.	first-level consumer.
d.	decomposer.

The many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n)

a.	food web.
b.	niche.
c.	energy pyramid.
d.	feeding level.

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web is called a(n)

a.	food chain.
b.	energy pyramid.
c.	ecosystem.
d.	niche.

In an energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy?

a.	producer level
b.	first-level consumer level
c.	second-level consumer level
d.	third-level consumer level

The step in the water cycle in which water vapor becomes liquid water is

a.	condensation.
b.	nitrogen fixation.
c.	recycling.
d.	precipitation.

In which process do molecules of liquid water absorb energy and change into the gas state?

a.	condensation
b.	precipitation
c.	evaporation
d.	recycling

In which process do producers use carbon from carbon dioxide to produce other carbon-containing molecules?

a.	the nitrogen cycle
b.	photosynthesis
c.	precipitation
d.	the water cycle

10.

Some bacteria that fix nitrogen live in bumps on the roots of certain plants. These bumps are called

a.	nodules.
b.	starches.
c.	legumes.
d.	droplets.

11.

The study of where organisms live is called

a.	dispersal.
b.	biogeography.
c.	ecology.
d.	climatology.

12.

Dandelions, horses, and other organisms that were brought by humans from one part of the world to another are examples of

a.	native species.
b.	exotic species.
c.	parasites.
d.	endangered species.

13.

The ocean prevents the Australian kangaroo from dispersing throughout the world. The ocean is an example of which limit to dispersal?

a.	climate
b.	a physical barrier
c.	competition
d.	an exotic species

14.

The typical weather pattern in an area over a long period of time is called

a.	climate.
b.	precipitation.
c.	the water cycle.
d.	weather.

15.

A group of land ecosystems with similar climates and organisms is called a(n)

a.	energy pyramid.
b.	climate.
c.	biome.
d.	food web.

16.

Which biome is extremely cold and dry?

a.	desert
b.	tundra
c.	grassland
d.	mountains

17.

Ponds and rivers are two types of

a.	marine ecosystems.
b.	rain forest biomes.
c.	freshwater ecosystems.
d.	estuary ecosystems.

18.

The ocean water is completely dark throughout the

a.	estuary.
b.	intertidal zone.
c.	neritic zone.
d.	deep zone.

19.

An organism that can make its own food is called a

a.	consumer.
b.	decomposer.
c.	producer.
d.	scavenger.

20.

Vultures, which feed on the bodies of dead organisms, are

a.	first-level consumers.
b.	scavengers.
c.	producers.
d.	herbivores.

21.

Which biome receives less than 25 centimeters of rain per year?

a.	desert
b.	grassland
c.	temperate rain forest
d.	tropical rain forest

22.

The first organism in a food chain is always a

a.	consumer.
b.	herbivore.
c.	carnivore.
d.	producer.

23.

Which of these is NOT an example of precipitation?

a.	rain
b.	snow
c.	groundwater
d.	hail

24.

Which ecosystem is found where the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of the ocean?

a.	estuary
b.	neritic zone
c.	surface zone
d.	rocky intertidal zone

25.

What do producers release as a result of photosynthesis?

a.	hydrogen
b.	nitrogen
c.	oxygen
d.	carbon dioxide

26.

The very slow movement of the continents is called

a.	continental drift.
b.	biogeography.
c.	dispersal.
d.	distribution.

27.

Which of the following is NOT an example of dispersal?

a.	the wind carrying dandelion seeds to other fields
b.	a dog bringing home sticky plant burs on its fur
c.	an insect being carried down a river on a floating leaf
d.	a squirrel living in a forest on a mountain

28.

Continental drift resulted in kangaroos and other unique species developing in

a.	Pangaea.
b.	Australia.
c.	Asia.
d.	India.

29.

What area(s) are not part of any major biome?

a.	tundras
b.	deserts
c.	grasslands
d.	mountains and ice

30.

A large variety of plants grows in tropical rain forest because

a.	many insects live there.
b.	the forest floor is very dark.
c.	it has very good soil.
d.	it is warm, humid, and rainy.

Modified True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

31.

Organisms that capture the energy of sunlight to make food are called producers. _________________________

32.

In an energy pyramid, the available energy increases at each feeding level compared to the level below. _________________________

33.

Second-level consumers may be either carnivores or omnivores. _________________________

34.

Rain, snow, sleet, and hail are examples of condensation. _________________________

35.

Producers release the gas oxygen as a product of photosynthesis. _________________________

36.

Dandelions are a(n) native species in the United States because they were brought from Europe by the colonists. _________________________

37.

The deciduous forest biome is typically populated by many grasses, along with a few shrubs and trees. _________________________

38.

Oak, maple, and beech trees, which lose their leaves each year, are typically found in a boreal forest. _________________________

39.

Rivers, ponds, and lakes are part of marine ecosystems. _________________________

40.

The movement of Earth’s continents has affected how species are distributed. _________________________

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

41.

Bacteria and fungi are known as ____________________ because they break down the remains of organisms.

42.

The energy role of a grizzly bear is that of a(n) ____________________ because it cannot make its own food.

43.

A diagram called a(n) _________________________ shows how much energy is available at each level of a food web.

44.

The least amount of energy is available at the ____________________ level of an energy pyramid.

45.

The energy role of the first organism in a food chain is always a(n) ____________________.

46.

An organism that eats only plants is a(n) ____________________ consumer.

47.

Water vapor turns into droplets of liquid water in the process of ____________________.

48.

Water from a lake changes to the gas state in the process of ____________________.

49.

Certain bacteria change nitrogen gas into a usable form in a process called _________________________.

50.

Producers use carbon from the gas _________________________ to make sugars and starches.

51.

The distribution of species has been affected by the slow movement of Earth’s continents called _________________________.

52.

Small, light organisms such as baby spiders can be dispersed by ____________________.

53.

Mountains and deserts that are difficult for organisms to cross are ____________________ barriers to dispersal.

54.

Temperature and precipitation determine an area’s ____________________, which can limit dispersal of organisms.

55.

The ____________________ biome receives less than 25 centimeters of rain a year and may have large temperature shifts every day.

56.

The soil that is frozen all year in the tundra is called ____________________.

57.

The neritic zone over the continental shelf is part of the ____________________ ecosystem.

58.

The part of the open ocean that receives enough light for floating algae to carry out photosynthesis is called the ____________________ zone.

59.

A bird eating berries and depositing the seeds in its wastes is an example of ____________________.

60.

Places with similar ____________________ tend to have species that occupy similar niches.

Short Answer

Use the diagram to answer each question.

61.

Which organisms shown are producers?

62.

Which organisms shown are consumers?

63.

What would happen to the other organisms if all the plants in this ecosystem died?

64.

Use the organisms pictured in this ecosystem to construct a food chain.

65.

Approximately what percentage of the energy in the plants is passed on to the animals that eat them?

66.

Why are there relatively few third-level consumers like bears in an ecosystem?

Use the diagram to answer each question.

67.

Which number represents the organisms responsible for converting nitrogen gas into a usable form of nitrogen?

68.

Which number represents the form of nitrogen that can be used by plants?

69.

Describe three roles bacteria play in the nitrogen cycle.

70.

Explain the role of an animal such as the horse in the nitrogen cycle.

71.

Which number represents a group of organisms that break down the wastes and remains of other organisms?

72.

On what part of a plant do the organisms represented by number 8 live?

Essay

73.

Construct a food chain that includes you. Identify the producers and types of consumers.

74.

Explain why decomposers are essential to life on Earth.

75.

Describe how oxygen and carbon dioxide cycle in the environment.

76.

Compare and contrast the temperatures of the following biomes: tropical rain forest, deciduous forest, boreal forest.

77.

Explain why most marine organisms live near the water surface or near the shore.

78.

Explain how water can be a means of dispersal for plants but can limit the dispersal of animals.

79.

Briefly describe the steps in the water cycle.

80.

Explain why it is mostly the climate in an area that determines its biome.