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Name: 
 

Living Resources


Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which of the following is considered a renewable resource?
a.
iron
b.
sunlight
c.
oil
d.
coal
 

 2. 
The contamination of Earth’s land, water, or air is called
a.
a renewable resource.
b.
a nonrenewable resource.
c.
extinction.
d.
pollution.
 

 3. 
The study of natural processes in the environment and how humans can affect them is called
a.
resource management.
b.
environmental science.
c.
preservation.
d.
conservation.
 

 4. 
Which of the following would be a cost of drilling for oil in Antarctica?
a.
The supply of heating fuel would be increased.
b.
There would be a greater opportunity to study wildlife there.
c.
An oil spill could harm food sources for penguins.
d.
Many new jobs would be created.
 

 5. 
Which of the following might be a benefit of building an incinerator in a town?
a.
It would be expensive to build.
b.
It would cause some air pollution.
c.
It would be safer than an existing open dump.
d.
It might reduce the beauty of the natural landscape.
 

 6. 
Cutting down only some trees in a forest, leaving a mix of tree sizes and species standing, is called
a.
selective cutting.
b.
clear-cutting.
c.
certified cutting.
d.
patch cutting.
 

 7. 
Selective cutting is different from clear-cutting, because in selective cutting,
a.
no trees are cut down.
b.
all the tree are cut down.
c.
some trees are not cut down.
d.
there is a greater damage to the forest.
 

 8. 
The practice of raising fish and other water-dwelling organisms for food is called
a.
overfishing.
b.
aquaculture.
c.
sustainable yielding.
d.
selective cutting.
 

 9. 
If fish are caught faster than they can breed, the population will
a.
increase.
b.
decrease.
c.
remain the same.
d.
move to other waters.
 

 10. 
The number of different species in an area is referred to as its
a.
niche diversity.
b.
climate.
c.
habitat fragmentation.
d.
biodiversity.
 

 11. 
A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem is called a(n)
a.
niche species.
b.
extinct species.
c.
keystone species.
d.
endangered species.
 

 12. 
If all members of a species disappear from Earth, the species is said to be
a.
extinct.
b.
endangered.
c.
threatened.
d.
keystone.
 

 13. 
All of the following are threats to biodiversity EXCEPT
a.
habitat destruction.
b.
gene pool diversity.
c.
pollution.
d.
exotic species.
 

 14. 
The mating of California condors in zoos is an example of
a.
habitat preservation.
b.
captive breeding.
c.
biodiversity.
d.
habitat destruction.
 

 15. 
Yellowstone National Park, the world’s first national park, is an example of
a.
captive breeding.
b.
habitat preservation.
c.
habitat destruction.
d.
poaching.
 

 16. 
Which substance that protects trees in the Pacific Northwest can also fight cancer in humans?
a.
yew
b.
taxol
c.
aspirin
d.
willow
 

 17. 
Biodiversity can provide an economic benefit to
a.
drug companies.
b.
tourists.
c.
hikers.
d.
endangered species.
 

 18. 
All of the following factors affect an area’s biodiversity EXCEPT
a.
area.
b.
number of endangered species.
c.
climate.
d.
diversity of niches.
 

 19. 
In the last few centuries, the number of species becoming extinct on Earth has
a.
decreased dramatically.
b.
decreased slightly.
c.
increased slightly.
d.
increased dramatically.
 

 20. 
Which of the following is considered a nonrenewable resource?
a.
sunlight
b.
corn
c.
coal
d.
trees
 

 21. 
The loss of a natural habitat is called
a.
habitat destruction.
b.
habitat fragmentation.
c.
pollution.
d.
poaching.
 

 22. 
The exhaust fumes from automobiles are an example of
a.
habitat destruction.
b.
poaching.
c.
pollution.
d.
exotic species.
 

 23. 
Laws can help protect endangered species by prohibiting
a.
captive breeding.
b.
habitat preservation.
c.
diversity of genes.
d.
products made from the species.
 

 24. 
An area with a large population of valuable ocean organisms is called a(n)
a.
aquaculture.
b.
sustainable yield.
c.
fishery.
d.
neritic zone.
 

 25. 
The most diverse ecosystems on Earth are
a.
tropical rain forests.
b.
coral reefs.
c.
deep-sea areas.
d.
fisheries.
 

 26. 
The Tennessee purple coneflower, grizzly bear, and whooping crane are
a.
endangered species.
b.
extinct species.
c.
keystone species.
d.
threatened species.
 

 27. 
Which of the following is an example of a global environmental choice?
a.
a student deciding to ride a bicycle to school
b.
a family deciding to recycle their newspapers
c.
a town meeting about a new nature refuge
d.
nations meeting to discuss the ozone layer
 

 28. 
Planting young trees in areas where older trees have been harvested is part of
a.
clear-cutting.
b.
logging.
c.
selective cutting.
d.
sustainable forestry.
 

 29. 
Which of the following does NOT preserve biodiversity?
a.
captive breeding
b.
laws to protect species
c.
establishing wildlife perserves
d.
poaching endangered species
 

 30. 
The nene goose in Hawaii is endangered because of the introduction of
a.
exotic species.
b.
habitat destruction.
c.
habitat fragmentation.
d.
poaching.
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
 

 31. 
Resources that are not replaced as they are used, such as coal and oil, are renewable resources. _________________________

 

 32. 
A species in danger of becoming extinct in the near future is referred to as an endangered species. _________________________

 

 33. 
Clear-cutting usually leads to fewer changes in the forest ecosystem than selective cutting. _________________________

 

 34. 
Fish are a renewable resource as long as the fish breed at a faster rate than they are caught. _________________________

 

 35. 
In general, warmer climates contain a greater number of different species than cooler climates. _________________________

 

 36. 
The major cause of extinction is habitat destruction. _________________________

 

 37. 
Within an ecosystem, biodiversity decreases as the size of the area increases. _________________________

 

 38. 
Hatching baby green sea turtles in a laboratory is an example of the habitat preservation method of protecting endangered species. _________________________

 

 39. 
The Pacific yew tree is the source of the drug taxol, a cancer-fighting chemical.
_________________________

 

 40. 
Biodiversity has both economic and ecological value. _________________________

 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

 41. 
Burning coal can cause a harmful change to the environment known as _________________________.
 

 

 42. 
Trees are examples of ____________________ resources because they can be naturally replaced as they are used.
 

 

 43. 
The study of the natural processes in the environment and how humans can affect them is called ______________________________.
 

 

 44. 
A good environmental proposal’s short-term costs should be outweighed by its long-term ____________________.
 

 

 45. 
To help balance different viewpoints on an issue, decision makers weigh the ____________________ and benefits of a proposal.
 

 

 46. 
Forests can be described as ____________________ resources because new trees can be planted to replace trees that are cut down.
 

 

 47. 
A(n) _________________________ is a regular amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested without reducing the future supply.
 

 

 48. 
An area with a large population of valuable ocean organisms is called a(n) ____________________.
 

 

 49. 
One way fishing can be managed is through ____________________, the practice of raising fish for food.
 

 

 50. 
The factor that probably accounts for the great biodiversity in coral reefs is their diversity of ____________________.
 

 

 51. 
Wildlife tourism, or “ecotourism,” is an example of the ____________________ value of biodiversity.
 

 

 52. 
A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem is called a(n) _________________________.
 

 

 53. 
The Endangered Species Act is an example of a(n) ____________________ approach to protecting individual species.
 

 

 54. 
Setting aside a marsh as a wildlife refuge is an example of the _________________________ approach to protecting biodiversity.
 

 

 55. 
A diverse pool of ____________________ helps ensure that individuals in a species will pass a variety of traits to their offspring.
 

 

 56. 
Building a road through a forest can cause _______________________ by breaking up a habitat.
 

 

 57. 
Taxol is a medicine that is used to fight the disease ____________________.
 

 

 58. 
Earth’s most diverse ecosystems are tropical ____________________ and coral reefs.
 

 

 59. 
The illegal killing or removal of wildlife species from their habitats is called ____________________.
 

 

 60. 
The ______________________________ is an international organization dedicated to sustainable forest management.
 

 

Short Answer
 
 
Use the diagram to answer each question.

lr_files/i0650000.jpg
 

 61. 
How did the eggshell thicknesses of bird species A and B change between 1945 and 1950?
 

 62. 
How is eggshell thickness related to the survival of bird species A and B?
 

 63. 
How might bird species A and B come into contact with DDT, a pesticide used by farmers?
 

 64. 
Which species of bird has a thicker eggshell?
 

 65. 
What happened to the eggshell thickness of both species after 1973? Suggest a reason for this change.
 

 66. 
Had the eggshells of either species returned to their original thickness by 1980? Suggest a reason to explain your answer.
 
 
Use the diagram to answer each question.

lr_files/i0720000.jpg
 

 67. 
How has the world population changed since 1650?
 

 68. 
About how many years did it take the world population to increase from 1 billion to 2 billion people?
 

 69. 
About how many years did it take the world population to increase from 4 billion to 5 billion people?
 

 70. 
What are some reasons for the change in the human population after 1650?
 

 71. 
What effects does a rapidly growing human population have on natural resources?
 

 72. 
By how many people has the human population grown in the time period shown?
 

Essay
 

 73. 
Explain the differences among a threatened species, an endangered species, and an extinct species.
 

 74. 
Classify the following items as renewable or nonrenewable resources: wind, copper, wood, sunlight, iron, coal, oil, cattle, wheat, and silver.
 

 75. 
What is captive breeding and how does it help protect biodiversity? What is a drawback to captive breeding?
 

 76. 
Explain the statement, “Extinction is sometimes a natural process.”
 

 77. 
How do laws that limit the sizes of fish that may be caught help protect fishery resources?
 

 78. 
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of clear-cutting and selective cutting.
 

 79. 
Define habitat preservation and give at least two examples.
 

 80. 
Why is gene pool diversity within a species’ population important?
 



 
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