Mollusks, Arthropods, and Echinoderms

"); document.writeln("Name: " + studentName + "
"); document.write("Score: " + numCorrect + " / " + numPossible + " (" + scorePercent + "%)"); if (numSubjective > 0) { document.write(" [" + numSubjective + " subjective "); if (numSubjective == 1) document.write("question"); else document.write("questions"); document.write(" not graded]"); } document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("

" + titleString + "

"); document.writeln(""); currentInstruction = 0; currentNarrative = 0; for (i=0; i < numQuestions; ++i) { if (currentInstruction < numInstructions) { if (instructionIndex[currentInstruction] == i) { document.writeln(""); ++currentInstruction; } } if (currentNarrative < numNarratives) { if (narrativeIndex[currentNarrative] == i) { document.writeln(""); ++currentNarrative; } } document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); } document.writeln("

"); document.writeln(instructionText[currentInstruction]); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln(narrativeText[currentNarrative]); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("

" + prefixText[i] + "

" + numberText[i] + "

" + questionText[i]); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln(""); if (listMap.charAt(i) != "1") { document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); } document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); if (showNotes) { document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); } if (showRef) { document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); } document.writeln("

RESPONSE:	" + responseText[i] + "
ANSWER:	" + answerText[i] + "
NOTES:	" + notesText[i] + "
REF:	" + refText[i] + "

"); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln("
"); document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); document.write(""); document.writeln("


"); document.writeln("	"); document.write(""); document.writeln(""); document.writeln("

"); document.writeln(""); document.writeln(""); document.close(); return(false); } function GetResponse(answerIndex, answer) { var listIndex; var responseText; if (listMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "1") { listIndex = answer.selectedIndex; responseText = answer.options[listIndex].value; } else responseText = StripSpaces(answer.value); return(responseText); } function ScoreAnswer(answerIndex, responseText) { var listIndex; var answerText; answerText = ansMap[answerIndex]; if (qtypeMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "5") return(NumericCompare(responseText, answerText)); else if (qtypeMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "6") return(MultiCompare(responseText, answerText)); else if (responseText.toUpperCase() == answerText.toUpperCase()) return(true); else return(false); } function BuildPrefixText(answerIndex, responseText, isCorrect) { var text; var listIndex; text = "

"
		if (isCorrect)
			text += ""
		else
			text += ""

		if (listMap.charAt(answerIndex) == "1") {
			if (responseText.length == 0)
				responseText = " ";
			text += " " + responseText + " ";
		}

		text += "

" return(text); } function StripSpaces(s) { var len; var i; len = s.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= 0 && s.charAt(i) == " "; --i) len = i; if (len == 0) s = ""; else if (len != s.length) s = s.substring(0, len); return(s); } function TranslateHtmlString(text) { var newText; var replaceString; var position; var length; var breakPos; var skipExtra; var i; newText = ""; position = 0; length = text.length; while (position < length) { skipExtra = 0; breakPos = -1; for (i=position; i < length && breakPos < 0; ++i) { switch(text.charAt(i)) { case '>': replaceString = ">"; breakPos = i; break; case '<': replaceString = "<"; breakPos = i; break; case '&': replaceString = "&"; breakPos = i; break; case '\r': if ((i + 1) < length && text.charAt(i + 1) == '\n') skipExtra = 1; replaceString = "
"; breakPos = i; break; case '\n': replaceString = "
"; breakPos = i; break; case ' ': if ((i + 1 < length) && text.charAt(i + 1) == ' ') { replaceString = " "; breakPos = i; } break; } } if (breakPos < 0) { newText += text.substring(position, length); position = length; } else { if (breakPos > position) newText += text.substring(position, breakPos); newText += replaceString; position = breakPos + 1 + skipExtra; } } return(newText); } function FixMCNotes(notesText, studentText) { var displayText; var searchText; var upperNotes; var charCode; var startIndex; var endIndex; displayText = ""; if (notesText.length > 0) { if (studentText.length > 0) { upperNotes = notesText.toUpperCase(); studentText = studentText.toUpperCase(); charCode = studentText.charCodeAt(0); searchText = "/" + String.fromCharCode(charCode) + "/"; startIndex = upperNotes.indexOf(searchText); if (startIndex >= 0) { startIndex += searchText.length; searchText = "/" + String.fromCharCode(charCode + 1) + "/"; endIndex = upperNotes.indexOf(searchText, startIndex); if (endIndex < startIndex) endIndex = notesText.length; displayText = notesText.substring(startIndex, endIndex); } } if (displayText.length == 0 && notesText.charAt(0) != "/") displayText = notesText; } return(displayText); } function NumericCompare(s1, s2) { var s1Sign; var s2Sign; var tempString; var decimalCount; var decimalPos; var numToDelete; var len; var ch; var i; s1.toUpperCase(); s2.toUpperCase(); if (s1 == s2) return(true); else { s1Sign = 1; s2Sign = 1; tempString = ""; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { ch = s1.charAt(i); if (ch == "-" && tempString.length == 0) s1Sign = -1; else if ((ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") || ch == ".") tempString += ch; } s1 = tempString; decimalCount = 0; decimalPos = -1; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { if (s1.charAt(i) == '.') { ++decimalCount; if (decimalPos < 0) decimalPos = i; } } if (decimalCount == 1 && decimalPos >= 0) { len = s1.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= decimalPos; --i) { if (i == decimalPos || s1.charAt(i) == '0') len = i; else break; } if (len < s1.length) s1 = s1.substring(0, len); if (s1.length == 0) s1 = "0"; } numToDelete = 0; for (i=0; i < s1.length; ++i) { if (s1.charAt(i) == "0") ++numToDelete; else break; } if (numToDelete > 0) { if (numToDelete == s1.length) --numToDelete; if (numToDelete > 0) s1 = s1.substring(numToDelete); } ///////////////////////////////////////////// tempString = ""; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { ch = s2.charAt(i); if (ch == "-" && tempString.length == 0) s2Sign = -1; else if ((ch >= "0" && ch <= "9") || ch == ".") tempString += ch; } s2 = tempString; decimalCount = 0; decimalPos = -1; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { if (s2.charAt(i) == '.') { ++decimalCount; if (decimalPos < 0) decimalPos = i; } } if (decimalCount == 1 && decimalPos >= 0) { len = s2.length; for (i=len - 1; i >= decimalPos; --i) { if (i == decimalPos || s2.charAt(i) == '0') len = i; else break; } if (len < s2.length) s2 = s2.substring(0, len); if (s2.length == 0) s2 = "0"; } numToDelete = 0; for (i=0; i < s2.length; ++i) { if (s2.charAt(i) == "0") ++numToDelete; else break; } if (numToDelete > 0) { if (numToDelete == s2.length) --numToDelete; if (numToDelete > 0) s2 = s2.substring(numToDelete); } if (s1Sign == s2Sign && s1 == s2) return(true); } return(false); } function MultiCompare(responseText, answerText) { var startIndex; var endIndex; var partialText; responseText = responseText.toUpperCase(); answerText = answerText.toUpperCase(); startIndex = 0; do { endIndex = answerText.indexOf("\r", startIndex); if (endIndex < 0) partialText = answerText.substring(startIndex); else partialText = answerText.substring(startIndex, endIndex); if (responseText == partialText) return(true); startIndex = endIndex + 1; } while (endIndex > 0); return(false); } function FixMTF(f) { var text; var letter; var theList; var listIndex; var number; var i; for (i=0; i < f.length; ++i) { if (f.elements[i].name.indexOf("MTF:") == 0) { number = parseInt(f.elements[i].name.substring(4), 10); theList = f["MTF-" + number + "-1"]; if (theList) { listIndex = theList.selectedIndex; letter = theList.options[listIndex].value; } else letter = ""; text = StripSpaces(f["MTF-" + number + "-2"].value); if (text == "") f.elements[i].value = letter; else f.elements[i].value = letter + "," + text; } } } function AllowReset() { return(window.confirm("Do you want to clear all of your answers?")); } // -->

Name:

Mollusks, Arthropods, and Echinoderms

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Which of the following is true of all mollusks?

a.	They have shells.
b.	They have soft bodies.
c.	They have segments.
d.	They have a closed circulatory system.

A bivalve obtains food by

a.	using a radula.
b.	filtering it from water.
c.	trapping it between two shells.
d.	grabbing it with its muscular foot.

Cephalopods move by

a.	using jet propulsion.
b.	moving their tentacles.
c.	crawling along on a muscular foot.
d.	clapping their shells together.

Which characteristic is NOT common to all arthropods?

a.	a segmented body
b.	an external skeleton
c.	jointed appendages
d.	a backbone

An arthropod’s tough outer covering is called

a.	an endoskeleton.
b.	an exoskeleton.
c.	armor.
d.	a mantle.

Which of the following is a characteristic of millipedes?

a.	They have one pair of legs on each segment.
b.	They have tiny stingers to stun their prey.
c.	They have two pairs of legs on each segment.
d.	They inject venom into their prey.

The bodies of all spiders have

a.	two body sections.
b.	two antennae.
c.	two wings.
d.	six swimmerets.

Which of the following is a characteristic of insects?

a.	one pair of antennae
b.	four legs
c.	three pairs of wings
d.	two body sections

Camouflage benefits insects by helping them to

a.	reproduce.
b.	move especially fast.
c.	live in a variety of environments.
d.	avoid predators.

10.

How do some insects help other living things?

a.	by helping them reproduce
b.	by spinning fibers made of silk
c.	by spreading disease
d.	by fertilizing soil

11.

Which of the following is an advantage of using biological controls against harmful insects?

a.	They are natural predators of the harmful insects.
b.	They kill bees.
c.	They kill all the insects that threaten a farmer’s crop.
d.	They prevent all insect larvae from becoming adult insects.

12.

Which of these is NOT a stage in complete metamorphosis?

a.	egg
b.	larva
c.	pupa
d.	nymph

13.

Molting occurs during the gradual metamorphosis of an insect whenever

a.	the nymph needs food.
b.	an egg hatches.
c.	its full-sized wings harden.
d.	the nymph outgrows its exoskeleton.

14.

Which of the following is a characteristic of echinoderms?

a.	an exoskeleton
b.	three body sections
c.	radial symmetry
d.	a segmented body

15.

How does an echinoderm use its water vascular system?

a.	to defend itself from predators
b.	to reproduce
c.	to sense when food is near
d.	to capture food

16.

Which of the following is a function of the mantle in many mollusks?

a.	It produces the shell.
b.	It enables the mollusk to move.
c.	It helps the mollusk digest food.
d.	It removes wastes.

17.

A gastropod’s radula enables it to

a.	reproduce.
b.	remove oxygen from water.
c.	move.
d.	scrape food from a surface.

18.

Insect larvae are specialized for

a.	reproducing.
b.	breathing.
c.	eating and growing.
d.	surviving in water.

19.

Snails and slugs belong to which group of mollusks?

a.	gastropods
b.	arthropods
c.	bivalves
d.	cephalopods

20.

Which arthropods have no antennae?

a.	crustaceans
b.	arachnids
c.	insects
d.	centipedes

21.

Where do most crustaceans live?

a.	in water
b.	on mountains
c.	in the desert
d.	underground

22.

Which of these is NOT an arthropod?

a.	centipede
b.	grasshopper
c.	snail
d.	lobster

23.

Which of these is NOT an insect?

a.	bee
b.	beetle
c.	mite
d.	grasshopper

24.

How does a grasshopper get oxygen?

a.	through gills
b.	through a system of tubes
c.	through its skin
d.	by breathing through its mouth

25.

Insect mouthparts are adapted for

a.	eating only plants.
b.	eating specific foods.
c.	eating only books.
d.	eating any available food.

26.

What types of foods do insects eat?

a.	only plants
b.	only animals
c.	only paper and books
d.	anything living or once-living

27.

An echinoderm with long slender arms and flexible joints is a

a.	sea star.
b.	brittle star.
c.	sea urchin.
d.	sea cucumber.

28.

Sea urchins move by using their

a.	tentacles.
b.	arms.
c.	spines.
d.	tube feet.

29.

Because of the many ways in which insects obtain food and become food, they play key roles in

a.	plant reproduction.
b.	food chains.
c.	producing pesticides.
d.	human diets.

30.

An organism that eats wastes and dead organisms is a

a.	consumer.
b.	decomposer.
c.	pollinator.
d.	producer.

Modified True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

31.

Mollusks are vertebrates with soft bodies that are often covered by a shell. _________________________

32.

A(n) gastropod has two shells held together by hinges and strong muscles. _________________________

33.

An arthropod’s body is protected by a(n) exoskeleton. _________________________

34.

Arachnids have six legs but no antennae. _________________________

35.

Insects have three body parts and six legs. _________________________

36.

An insect that looks like a small adult when it hatches goes through gradual metamorphosis. _________________________

37.

Echinoderms usually have bilateral symmetry. _________________________

38.

A butterfly’s mouthparts are adapted to lapping up nectar. _________________________

39.

One role insects play in food chains is as food for birds. _________________________

40.

An echinoderm that uses tentacles to sweep food toward its mouth is a(n) sea urchin. _________________________

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

41.

A thin layer of tissue called a(n) ____________________ covers the internal organs of mollusks.

42.

Gastropods have a(n) ____________________, which scrapes food from a surface.

43.

Mollusks that have a single shell or no shell at all are called ____________________.

44.

The group of mollusks that has the most complex nervous system is ____________________.

45.

Many arthropods have appendages called ____________________ that help them sense their environment.

46.

Spiders, mites, and ticks belong to the group of arthropods known as ____________________.

47.

The kind of arthropod known as a(n) ____________________ has more legs than any other kind of arthropod.

48.

An insect’s wings and legs are attached to the section of its body called the ____________________.

49.

Insects usually have two large ____________________ eyes, which contain many lenses.

50.

Some insects can spread ____________________, such as malaria.

51.

An example of a(n) ____________________ control is introducing ladybugs to fields where aphids are eating crops.

52.

During complete metamorphosis, a larva becomes a(n) ____________________ before it becomes an adult.

53.

Butterflies and beetles develop from egg to adult in the type of metamorphosis known as ____________________ metamorphosis.

54.

Looking like a twig, or ____________________, may help an insect blend in with its surroundings.

55.

In some arthropods, several body ____________________ have become joined into distinct sections.

56.

Cephalopods move by jet propulsion when they squeeze ____________________ out of the space surrounded by the mantle.

57.

Most bivalves are ____________________, animals that eat both plants and animals.

58.

Crustacean larvae develop into adults by a process called ____________________.

59.

The ____________________ of insects are adapted for a specific way of getting food.

60.

Consumers either eat other consumers, or they eat ____________________.

Short Answer

Use the diagram to answer each question.

61.

Which major group of arthropods is represented by animal A? How do you know?

62.

Which major group of arthropods is represented by animal B? How do you know?

63.

How does animal B obtain oxygen?

64.

Which major group of arthropods is represented by animal C? How do you know?

65.

How does animal C eat its prey?

66.

Which major group of arthropods is represented by animal D? How do you know?

Use the diagram to answer each question.

67.

Identify the animal in the diagram. In what kind of environment does it live?

68.

To what group does the animal in the diagram belong? How do you know?

69.

Identify the structures labeled A and describe their function.

70.

Identify structure B. What substance is found in this structure, and how does that substance enter the animal’s body?

71.

Identify structure C and explain how it is used during feeding.

72.

Describe the skeleton of the animal in the diagram, and indicate where it is located.

Essay

73.

Contrast the shells of gastropods and bivalves. Give one example of an animal in each group.

74.

Suppose you found an arthropod on the ground under a log. Which two characteristics would you look at to tell whether the arthropod was a crustacean or an arachnid?

75.

Describe the stages of complete metamorphosis.

76.

Describe two ways in which insects are harmful to humans and two ways in which they are helpful to humans.

77.

Describe a characteristic of arthropods that enables them to survive on dry land.

78.

Name the three body sections of insects, and tell which organs and appendages are found on or in each section.

79.

How are ladybugs used to control insects? How does using ladybugs differ from using pesticides?

80.

Describe three ways that insects contribute to food chains.