Plants

Name:

Plants

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

All plants are

a.	eukaryotes.
b.	unicellular.
c.	heterotrophs.
d.	prokaryotes.

Vascular plants differ from nonvascular plants in

a.	how they make food.
b.	where they obtain materials.
c.	how they transport materials.
d.	how they reproduce.

What parts of a fern grow underground?

a.	roots and fronds
b.	roots and stems
c.	stems and leaves
d.	stems and fronds

You would expect to find spores

a.	on leaf cuticles.
b.	on moss rhizoids.
c.	in a new gametophyte.
d.	on the underside of fern fronds.

The part of a moss that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil is the

a.	rhizoid.
b.	stalk.
c.	capsule.
d.	gametophyte.

What produces egg and sperm cells during the life cycle of a plant?

a.	gamete
b.	gametophyte
c.	sporophyte
d.	zygote

The spores that plants produce develop into the

a.	gametes.
b.	zygotes.
c.	sporophyte stage.
d.	gametophyte stage.

Which is NOT a characteristic of a plant’s vascular tissue?

a.	It transports water and food inside the plant.
b.	It supports the plant’s stems and leaves.
c.	It exposes the plant’s leaves to the sun.
d.	It transports egg and sperm cells for reproduction.

A fern’s fronds are

a.	leaves.
b.	roots.
c.	stems.
d.	spores.

10.

The stages of a plant’s life cycle are

a.	sporophyte and spore.
b.	sporophyte and gametophyte.
c.	spore and gametophyte.
d.	egg and gametophyte.

11.

What happens in the phloem?

a.	Water moves up from roots.
b.	Food moves down from leaves.
c.	Food moves up from roots.
d.	Water moves down to roots.

12.

Which of the following is NOT a part of a seed?

a.	stored food
b.	the embryo
c.	the cotyledon
d.	the fruit

13.

Plants that produce seeds

a.	do not need cuticles on their leaves.
b.	transport the seeds in vascular tissue.
c.	can live in relatively dry environments.
d.	do not need vascular tissue.

14.

What part of a woody stem forms rings that indicate the tree’s age?

a.	xylem
b.	phloem
c.	cambium
d.	inner bark

15.

What characteristic do gymnosperms share?

a.	They live only in hot, dry climates.
b.	They produce seeds that are not enclosed by fruits.
c.	They are trees.
d.	They grow cones.

16.

The most diverse group of gymnosperms is the

a.	cycads.
b.	ginkgoes.
c.	gnetophytes.
d.	conifers.

17.

The reproductive structures of most gymnosperms are called

a.	pollen.
b.	ovules.
c.	cones.
d.	sperm cells.

18.

All angiosperms

a.	produce cones.
b.	produce fruits.
c.	are seedless.
d.	are tropical.

19.

What is a characteristic of a monocot?

a.	branching veins in its leaves
b.	flowers with four or five petals
c.	two cotyledons in each seed
d.	scattered bundles of vascular tissue in its stem

20.

A flower’s female reproductive parts are called

a.	sepals.
b.	anthers.
c.	pistils.
d.	filaments.

21.

How are angiosperms different from gymnosperms?

a.	Angiosperms produce fruits.
b.	Angiosperms produce seeds.
c.	Gymnosperms do not produce pollen.
d.	Angiosperms do not produce pollen.

22.

Angiosperms that live for more than two years are called

a.	annuals.
b.	biennials.
c.	perennials.
d.	monocots.

23.

Which is NOT a way that angiosperms are useful to people?

a.	as a source of food
b.	as a source of clothing
c.	as a source of medicine
d.	as a major source of fertilizer

24.

In angiosperms, which of the following happens after a zygote is formed?

a.	Pollen falls on the sepals.
b.	Pollen falls on the stigma.
c.	A fruit forms.
d.	An insect picks up pollen from an anther.

25.

Germination will not happen unless a seed

a.	is dispersed far from the plant that produced it.
b.	absorbs water.
c.	uses its stored food.
d.	grows stamens and a pistil.

26.

Gases pass in and out of a leaf through the

a.	phloem.
b.	xylem.
c.	cuticle.
d.	stomata.

27.

What is NOT a root function in plants?

a.	to absorb water
b.	to store food
c.	to anchor plants
d.	to produce food

28.

Root hairs help a plant

a.	transport food to the root.
b.	absorb water and nutrients.
c.	protect the root.
d.	store food.

29.

What determines the time of flowering in many plants?

a.	the amount of water a plant receives
b.	the amount of light a plant receives
c.	the amount of darkness a plant receives
d.	the amount of fertilizer a plant receives

30.

Dormancy is a period when an organism’s growth or activity

a.	continues.
b.	stops.
c.	speeds up.
d.	starts.

Modified True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

31.

All plants are eukaryotes that contain many cells. _________________________

32.

A moss is a type of vascular plant. _________________________

33.

The gametophyte generation of a moss has structures that look like roots, a stem, and leaves. _________________________

34.

All seed plants have vascular tissue and use seeds to reproduce. _________________________

35.

The seed coat is the young plant that develops from a fertilized egg. _________________________

36.

The main function of leaves is to carry out the food-making process of germination. _________________________

37.

A gymnosperm is a seed plant that produces naked seeds. _________________________

38.

Monocots include grasses, lilies, and tulips. _________________________

39.

The coiling of two vines around each other is an example of a plant response to gravity. _________________________

40.

Auxin is a hormone that speeds up the growth of a plant’s cells. _________________________

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

41.

A waxy, waterproof layer called the ____________________ covers the leaves of most plants.

42.

In a plant’s life cycle, a spore develops into a stage known as the ____________________.

43.

Mosses live in environments where they can absorb ____________________ and nutrients.

44.

____________________ plants do not have a complex system to transport water, nutrients, and food through their bodies.

45.

Thin, rootlike structures called ____________________ anchor mosses to the ground.

46.

Ferns, club mosses, and ____________________ are the three groups of seedless vascular plants.

47.

The ancestors of today’s plants were most likely ancient ____________________.

48.

Water and minerals enter a plant’s roots and move through the ____________________ into the stems and leaves.

49.

In some plants, food is stored inside seed leaves called ____________________.

50.

The process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves is known as ____________________.

51.

Cycads and gnetophytes belong to the group of seed plants known as ____________________.

52.

All gymnosperms have ____________________, and most also have needlelike or scalelike leaves and deep-growing root systems.

53.

As the seeds of an angiosperm develop, the ovary changes into a(n) ____________________.

54.

Angiosperms that have seeds with two seed leaves are called ____________________.

55.

The flowers of ____________________ usually have either three petals or a multiple of three petals.

56.

A plant’s growth response toward or away from a stimulus is called a(n) ____________________.

57.

Plants produce a variety of chemicals called ____________________, which affect how they grow and develop.

58.

_________________________ is a plant’s response to seasonal changes in the length of night and day.

59.

Dormancy helps plants survive freezing temperatures and lack of _________________________.

60.

Angiosperms that complete their life cycle in two years are called _________________________.

Short Answer

Use the diagram to answer each question.

61.

What types of vascular tissue are found in Structure E? Explain their roles.

62.

Identify the structure labeled C in the diagram, and describe its function.

63.

What cell structure do the many dark dots in the cells labeled D represent? What is the function of this cell structure?

64.

Identify the name and label of the structure in the diagram that slows down the process of transpiration.

65.

Identify the structures labeled F in the diagram, and describe their function.

66.

Why are there so many spaces among the lower leaf cells?

Use the diagram to answer each question.

67.

Identify the structures labeled A and B in the diagram. Are these male or female reproductive structures?

68.

Identify the structures labeled C, D, and E in the diagram. Are these male or female reproductive structures?

69.

To which structure shown in the diagram do pollen grains attach during pollination? What holds the pollen grains on that structure?

70.

After fertilization, what happens to the structure labeled E in the diagram?

71.

Identify the structure labeled F in the diagram, and describe its function.

72.

The diagram shows only three of the flower’s six petals. Was this flower produced by a monocot or a dicot? Explain your reasoning.

Essay

73.

What characteristics do plants share?

74.

Would you be surprised to learn that liverworts often grow along the sides of streams, and hornworts live in moist soil? Explain your answer.

75.

Suppose someone showed you a mature frond that had been cut from a fern. How could you tell which surface of the frond was the upper surface and which was the underside?

76.

If you came across a tall plant in a forest, would you think it was a vascular plant or a nonvascular plant? Explain why.

77.

Could you tell the difference between the xylem and phloem in a plant just by looking at the direction in which substances move in these tissues? Explain.

78.

Why is it important for a gardener to store seeds in a dry place until it is time to plant them?

79.

Suppose you are hiking and find a plant with leaves that have branching veins. The plant’s flowers have five petals. What pattern of vascular tissue would you expect to find if you cut through the plant’s stem? Explain your reasoning.

80.

If a houseplant is placed directly under a bright light, the plant’s stems will tend to grow straight up. How do hormones contribute to this response?


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