Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi

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Name:

Viruses, Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

What do fungi have in common with animals?

a.	They are autotrophs.
b.	They are heterotrophs.
c.	They have cell walls.
d.	They use spores to reproduce.

What type of reproduction produces fungi that are different from either parent?

a.	budding
b.	asexual reproduction
c.	sexual reproduction
d.	dividing

A fungus–plant root association is an example of

a.	an independent relationship.
b.	symbiotic mutualism.
c.	a decomposing relationship.
d.	disease fighting.

Like animals, animal-like protists are

a.	autotrophs.
b.	heterotrophs.
c.	unicellular.
d.	prokaryotes.

Where would fungi NOT likely thrive?

a.	forest floor
b.	wet bathroom tiles
c.	damp tree bark
d.	desert

Which structures allow sarcodines such as amoebas to move?

a.	cilia
b.	contractile vacuoles
c.	flagella
d.	pseudopods

What characteristic do all algae share?

a.	They are autotrophs.
b.	They are unicellular.
c.	They are multicellular.
d.	They live in colonies.

Which of the following is an example of symbiotic mutualism?

a.	two paramecia exchanging genetic material
b.	the zooflagellate Giardia reproducing in a human
c.	the sporozoan Plasmodium feeding on a human cell
d.	a zooflagellate digesting food in a termite’s intestine

Fungi that decompose dead organisms

a.	can cause serious disease in plants.
b.	live in symbiosis with other organisms.
c.	return important nutrients to the soil.
d.	are often called pioneer organisms.

10.

What a multicellular fungus looks like depends on how

a.	it obtains food.
b.	it reproduces.
c.	its gills are arranged.
d.	its hyphae are arranged.

11.

What bacteria-killing fungus did Fleming isolate in his 1928 experiment?

a.	Rhizopus
b.	corn smut
c.	wheat rust
d.	Penicillium

12.

What animal-like characteristic do euglenoids have?

a.	They have a flagellum.
b.	They can sometimes be heterotrophs.
c.	They have light-sensitive pigments.
d.	They are autotrophs.

13.

Why are viruses like parasites?

a.	They harm the cells they enter.
b.	They multiply.
c.	They use their own energy to develop.
d.	They make their own food.

14.

A virus’s proteins are important because they

a.	contain genetic material.
b.	make new virus particles.
c.	provide energy for the virus.
d.	help the virus attach to its host.

15.

Which shape describes some bacterial cells?

a.	cube-shaped
b.	bullet-shaped
c.	spiral
d.	robotlike

16.

Which of the following is found in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells?

a.	cell membrane
b.	nucleus
c.	genetic material
d.	flagella

17.

What process results in genetically different bacteria?

a.	binary fission
b.	respiration
c.	conjugation
d.	asexual reproduction

18.

Endospores form during

a.	binary fission.
b.	sunlight hours.
c.	respiration.
d.	harsh environmental conditions.

19.

What important role do bacteria called decomposers play?

a.	They return basic chemicals to the environment.
b.	They slow down food spoilage.
c.	They kill harmful bacteria.
d.	They produce vitamins.

20.

Which of the following is NOT a role of bacteria that live in human bodies?

a.	digesting food
b.	competing for space with disease-causing bacteria
c.	making vitamins
d.	fixing nitrogen

21.

The best treatment for most viral infections is

a.	an over-the-counter medication.
b.	a vaccine.
c.	an antibiotic.
d.	bed rest.

22.

How does a vaccine work?

a.	It activates the body’s natural defenses.
b.	It weakens the cell walls of bacteria, causing the cells to burst.
c.	It treats the symptoms of an infection.
d.	It attacks antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

23.

Binary fission is the bacterial process of

a.	asexual reproduction.
b.	obtaining food.
c.	producing energy.
d.	forming endospores.

24.

Viruses are considered to be nonliving because they

a.	cannot multiply.
b.	use energy to grow.
c.	are smaller than bacteria.
d.	do not show all the characteristics of life.

25.

The process of breaking down food to release its energy is called

a.	conjugation.
b.	respiration.
c.	binary fission.
d.	nutrition.

26.

Heterotrophic bacteria obtain food by

a.	capturing the sun’s energy.
b.	using the energy from chemicals in their environment.
c.	consuming autotrophs and other heterotrophs.
d.	helping autotrophs make food.

27.

What directly provides energy for a virus?

a.	food
b.	its host
c.	the sun
d.	a parasite

28.

A hidden virus

a.	cannot attach to a host cell.
b.	becomes part of the host cell’s genetic material.
c.	immediately takes over the cell’s functions.
d.	attaches to but does not enter the cell.

29.

Which of the following structures are always found in bacterial cells?

a.	nuclei
b.	ribosomes
c.	flagella
d.	coats

30.

Which of the following stimulates a person’s body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria?

a.	antibiotic
b.	vaccine
c.	toxin
d.	endospore

Modified True/False

Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.

31.

Animal-like protists are commonly called algae. _________________________

32.

A contractile vacuole is a structure that collects extra water and expels it from a protist. _________________________

33.

Bread rises due to the action of fungi called molds. _________________________

34.

The part of a fungus that produces spores is the fruiting body. _________________________

35.

A lichen consists of a(n) yeast and either an alga or an autotrophic bacterium. _________________________

36.

One reason that viruses are considered to be nonliving is that they are not made of protein. _________________________

37.

The inner core of a virus contains genetic material. _________________________

38.

When a virus invades a living cell, its outer coat takes over the cell’s functions. _________________________

39.

The cell membrane is the outermost structure of most bacterial cells. _________________________

40.

Binary fission occurs when a bacterium transfers some of its genetic material to another bacterium. _________________________

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

41.

All funguslike protists are able to ____________________ at some point in their lives.

42.

One of the characteristics of fungi is that they use ____________________ to reproduce.

43.

The antibiotic ____________________ resulted from the work of Alexander Fleming, who noticed that bacteria did not grow near a spot of mold in a petri dish.

44.

Fungi produce lightweight spores that are surrounded by a(n) _________________________.

45.

Yeast cells undergo a form of asexual reproduction called ____________________.

46.

Slime molds are one type of ____________________ protist.

47.

A virus’s _________________________ contains the instructions for making new viruses.

48.

The shape of the ____________________ on a virus’s coat allows the virus to attach to certain cells.

49.

A virus that begins to multiply immediately after it enters a cell is called a(n) ____________________ virus.

50.

Autotrophic bacteria either use the sun’s energy to make food or break down ____________________ in their environment.

51.

Some bacteria move by using a long, whiplike structure called a(n) ____________________.

52.

Bacteria are called ____________________ because their genetic material is not contained in nuclei.

53.

Bacterial cells contain structures called ____________________, which are chemical factories where proteins are produced.

54.

Some bacteria are called ____________________ because they break down large chemicals in dead organisms into small chemicals.

55.

Bacteria in swellings on the roots of peanut plants convert ____________________ gas from the air into compounds that the plants need to grow.

56.

When bacteria reproduce by ____________________, one cell divides to form two identical cells.

57.

A(n) ____________________ is a substance that stimulates the body to produce chemicals that destroy viruses or bacteria.

58.

The ability to ____________________ is the only characteristic that viruses share with living organisms.

59.

Like all organisms, bacteria need a constant supply of ____________________ to carry out their life functions.

60.

Many over-the-counter ____________________ can help relieve symptoms of a viral infection.

Short Answer

Use the diagram to answer each question.

61.

What kingdom does the organism in the diagram belong to? What is the common name of this organism?

62.

Describe how the cells of the organism in the diagram are arranged.

63.

Identify the structures labeled A in the diagram, and explain how they are used in feeding.

64.

What function do spores serve, and how do they move from place to place?

65.

List two ways that the organism in the diagram can be helpful to humans.

66.

List characteristics shared by organisms in the same kingdom as the organism shown.

Use the diagram to answer each question.

67.

Arrange the steps shown in the diagram in their proper sequence.

68.

Describe what is happening in part A of the diagram.

69.

Describe what is happening in part B of the diagram.

70.

Identify the structures inside the bacterium in part C of the diagram.

71.

Does the diagram show the multiplication of an active virus or a hidden virus? Explain.

72.

How does the diagram show that viruses multiply differently than organisms do?

Essay

73.

Describe how a mold growing on an orange obtains its food.

74.

Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction in fungi.

75.

Describe the three types of funguslike protists.

76.

A space probe finds no signs of life on another planet. Is it likely that there are viruses on that planet? Explain your reasoning.

77.

Describe the basic structures of viruses and explain their roles.

78.

How do bacterial cells differ from the cells of eukaryotes?

79.

Why are decomposing bacteria and nitrogen-converting bacteria important to farmers?

80.

What is an endospore and what is its role in a bacterium?