Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which
of the following is a biotic factor in the prairie ecosystem? a. | water | b. | sunlight | c. | soil | d. | grass | | |
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2.
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The
place where an organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs is called
its a. | habitat. | b. | population. | c. | species. | d. | community. | | |
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3.
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The
smallest unit of ecological organization is a single a. | population. | b. | community. | c. | organism. | d. | ecosystem. | | |
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4.
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Which
of the following is an example of a population? a. | the cats and dogs in your
neighborhood | b. | the bushes and grass in a park | c. | the rocks in a
rock collection | d. | the gray wolves in a forest | | |
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5.
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If
you count 20 beetles in a garden measuring 5 square meters, the population density of the beetles
is a. | 100 beetles per
square meter. | b. | 20 beetles per square meter. | c. | 5 beetles per
square meter. | d. | 4 beetles per square meter. | | |
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6.
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Counting the number of organisms in a small area and multiplying to estimate the
number in a larger area is called a. | direct observation. | b. | mark and
recapture. | c. | population density. | d. | sampling. | | |
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7.
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A
group of antelope leaving the herd in search of better grassland is an example of a. | immigration. | b. | emigration. | c. | increasing birth
rate. | d. | decreasing death rate. | | |
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8.
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An
approximation of a number, based on reasonable assumptions, is called a(n) a. | biotic
factor | b. | limiting factor | c. | immigration | d. | estimate | | |
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9.
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The
largest population that an environment can support is called its a. | carrying
capacity. | b. | limiting factor. | c. | birth
rate. | d. | death rate. | | |
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10.
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An
organism’s particular role in its habitat, or how it makes its living, is called
its a. | carrying
capacity. | b. | ecosystem. | c. | competition. | d. | niche. | | |
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11.
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The
behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their
environment are called a. | habitats. | b. | limiting
factors. | c. | biotic factors. | d. | adaptations. | | |
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12.
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The
struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources is called a. | competition. | b. | predation. | c. | symbiosis. | d. | parasitism. | | |
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13.
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When
a jellyfish paralyzes a tiny fish with its poisonous tentacles, the fish is the a. | predator. | b. | prey. | c. | host. | d. | parasite. | | |
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14.
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A
close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is
called a. | natural
selection. | b. | symbiosis. | c. | adaptation. | d. | competition. | | |
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15.
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The
Escherichia coli that live in your intestine and help break down food are an example of
which type of interaction? a. | competition | b. | mutualism | c. | parasitism | d. | predation | | |
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16.
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An
early winter frost preventing further growth in a tomato garden is an example of a. | carrying
capacity. | b. | a limiting factor. | c. | a biotic
factor. | d. | indirect observation. | | |
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17.
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All
of the following are examples of limiting factors EXCEPT a. | food. | b. | soil. | c. | space. | d. | weather conditions. | | |
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18.
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An
organism’s habitat must provide all of the following EXCEPT a. | food. | b. | water. | c. | predators. | d. | shelter. | | |
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19.
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The
nonliving parts of an ecosystem are called a. | populations. | b. | organisms. | c. | biotic factors. | d. | abiotic
factors. | | |
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20.
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To
carry out photosynthesis, algae and plants use the abiotic factors sunlight, carbon dioxide,
and a. | soil. | b. | salt. | c. | water. | d. | bacteria. | | |
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21.
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Which
of the following describes an interaction in which one organism kills and eats
another? a. | competition | b. | symbiosis | c. | predation | d. | mutualism | | |
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22.
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Which
of the following is an example of a predator adaptation? a. | a
porcupine’s needles | b. | a shark’s powerful jaws | c. | a frog’s
bright colors | d. | a plant’s poisonous chemicals | | |
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23.
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All
the different populations that live together in an area make up a(n) a. | organism. | b. | community. | c. | species. | d. | ecosystem. | | |
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24.
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The
study of how things interact with each other and with their environment is called a. | ecology. | b. | photosynthesis. | c. | community. | d. | biotic studies. | | |
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25.
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When
a flea is living on a dog, the dog is the a. | parasite. | b. | host. | c. | predator. | d. | prey. | | |
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26.
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Mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism are the three types of a. | symbiotic
relationships. | b. | predation. | c. | competition. | d. | prey adaptations. | | |
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27.
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Population density is defined as a. | an approximation of a number, based on reasonable
assumptions. | b. | the number of individuals of a population in a specific
area. | c. | the number of individuals moving into a
population. | d. | the smallest level of ecological
organization. | | |
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28.
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A
hawk building its nest on an arm of a saguaro cactus is an example of a. | commensalism. | b. | mutualism. | c. | parasitism. | d. | predation. | | |
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29.
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The
series of changes that occurs after a disturbance in an existing ecosystem is called a. | primary
succession. | b. | secondary succession. | c. | disturbance
succession. | d. | pioneer succession. | | |
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30.
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The
first species to populate an area where primary succession is taking place are
called a. | secondary
species. | b. | primary species. | c. | pioneer
species. | d. | succession species. | | |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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31.
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A
tapeworm living inside a wolf’s body is a predator.
_________________________
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32.
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All
of the members of a community belong to the same species.
_________________________
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33.
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Bees
and flowers are biotic factors in an ecosystem. _________________________
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34.
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The
population density decreases as the number of individuals in an area increases.
_________________________
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35.
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Population size generally increases if the birth rate is greater than the death
rate. _________________________
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36.
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The
carrying capacity is the smallest number of individuals in a population that can live in one
area. _________________________
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37.
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An
insect looks like a leaf, so it blends in with its surroundings and is hard for predators to see. The
insect’s characteristic is an example of commensalism.
_________________________
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38.
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In
predation, the organism that kills another organism for food is the prey.
_________________________
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39.
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Both
species benefit in the type of symbiosis called mutualism.
_________________________
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40.
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The
series of changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem previously existed is called
primary succession. _________________________
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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41.
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The
part of an ecosystem where an organism lives and feeds is called the organism’s
____________________.
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42.
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All
the biotic and abiotic factors in an area together make up a(n) ____________________.
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43.
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Prairie dogs, snakes, and grass make up a level of ecological organization called a(n)
____________________.
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44.
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Water, sunlight, and soil are ____________________ factors in an
ecosystem.
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45.
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Two
abiotic factors that are needed for photosynthesis are sunlight and
____________________.
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46.
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Scientists who study how living things interact with the environment are called
____________________.
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47.
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The
____________________ method of estimating involves multiplying the number of organisms in a small
area to find the number in a larger area.
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48.
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Observing animal tracks is an example of ____________________ observation, which is
used to estimate population size.
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49.
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A
group of zebras breaking off from a herd decreases the size of the herd population through
____________________.
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50.
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The
main way that populations increase in size is through the ____________________ of
offspring.
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51.
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If
food is scarce, it becomes a(n) ____________________ factor that prevents population
growth.
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52.
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A
lack of places to build nests is an example of ____________________ as a limiting factor for a
population of birds.
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53.
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The
thick fur of a polar bear is a(n) ____________________ that allows the bear to live successfully in
its environment.
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54.
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Ticks
feed on the blood of mice in a symbiotic relationship called ____________________.
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55.
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A
close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species is known as
____________________.
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56.
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The
struggle of two species to occupy a certain niche in an ecosystem is an example of
____________________.
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57.
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A
hawk building a nest on the arm of a cactus without hurting the cactus is an example of the symbiotic
relationship called ____________________.
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58.
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A
flea is a parasite that lives on a(n) ____________________ such as a dog.
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59.
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The
study of how living things interact with each other and with their environment is called
____________________.
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60.
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The
type of succession that occurs in an area where an ecosystem has been disturbed, but where soil and
organisms still exist, is called ____________________ succession.
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Short Answer
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Use the diagram to answer each question.
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61.
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Describe two things the prairie dogs need to live that they obtain from their
habitat.
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62.
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What
is the smallest unit of organization in an ecosystem? Give one example from the
diagram.
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63.
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Describe one of the prairie dog’s adaptations and how it helps the prairie dog to
survive.
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64.
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What
level of ecological organization do all of the owls in a certain area represent?
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65.
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Is
the prairie soil a biotic factor or an abiotic factor? Explain your answer.
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66.
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Describe three factors that could limit the growth of the prairie dog
population.
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Use the diagram to answer each question.
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67.
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How
was the pheasant population changing at Point A?
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68.
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Which
letter marks the peak of the pheasant population?
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69.
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What
happened to the pheasant population between Point B and Point C?
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70.
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What
are some possible explanations for the change in pheasant population between Point B and Point
C?
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71.
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In
1990, a large resort hotel was built on the island where these pheasants live. Explain how this might
have affected the pheasant population.
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72.
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What
was the population density of pheasants in 1968, 1976, and 1990?
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Essay
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73.
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Explain why two different species in an ecosystem can share the same habitat but not
the same niche.
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74.
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Explain the difference between a population and a community.
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75.
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Explain the difference between direct and indirect observation in determining
population size.
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76.
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Define abiotic factor and give four examples.
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77.
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Explain why the populations of a predator and its prey often follow regular
cycles.
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78.
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Classify these examples of symbiosis by type and explain your choice: 1) Inside a
human’s intestine live bacteria that make vitamin K; 2) A human picks up bacteria on his or her
hands. The bacteria do not cause disease but do feed on the human’s dead skin cells; 3) A tick
attaches itself to a human and feeds on the human’s blood.
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79.
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An
ecologist counts 75 cardinals in an area measuring 15 square kilometers. What is the population
density of the cardinals?
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80.
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Explain why secondary succession usually occurs more rapidly than primary
succession.
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